Robotically enhanced placement of left ventricular epicardial electrodes during implantation of a biventricular implantable cardioverter defibrillator system.

Biventricular pacing has gained increasing acceptance in advanced heart failure patients. One major limitation of this therapy is positioning the left ventricular stimulation lead via the coronary sinus. This report demonstrates the feasibility of totally endoscopic direct placement of an epicardial stimulation lead on the left ventricle using the daVinci surgical system.