Bioconversion of water-hyacinth (Eichhornia crassipes) hemicellulose acid hydrolysate to motor fuel ethanol by xylose-fermenting yeast.

Water-hyacinth (Eichhornia crassipes) hemicellulose acid hydrolysate has been utilized as a substrate for ethanol production using Pichia stipitis NRRL Y-7124. Hydrolysate fermentability was considerable improved by boiling, and overliming up to pH 10.0 with solid Ca(OH)(2) in combination with sodium sulfite. The percent total sugar utilized and ethanol yield (Y(p/s)) for the untreated hydrolysate were 20.15+/-0.17% and 0.19+/-0.003 g(p) g(s)(-1), respectively, compared with 76.0+/-0.32% and 0.35 g(p) g(s)(-1), respectively for the treated material. The fermentation was very effective at an aeration rate of 0.02 v/v/m, temperature 30+/-0.2 degrees C and pH 6.0+/-0.2. However, the volumetric productivity (Q(p)) was still considerably less than observed in a simulated synthetic hydrolysate medium with a sugar composition similar to the hemicellulose acid hydrolysate. L-Arabinose was not fermented but assimilated. The presence of acetic acid in the hydrolysate decreased the ethanol yield and productivity considerably.