Saprobic potential of Tricholoma matsutake: growth over pine bark treated with surfactants.

Saprotrophic growth of Tricholoma matsutake isolates was investigated over Pinus densiflora bark fragments either on soil or on agar media. Preferential colonization of pine bark fragments by hyphae, in glucose-deprived environments suggested that Matsutake was able to extract some nutrients to sustain its growth. This was confirmed in glucose-free liquid nutrient medium, where bark as sole carbon source significantly stimulated (up to two-fold) growth of T. matsutake isolates. The addition of surfactants (Tween 80 and Tween 40) in liquid medium further stimulated mycelium growth over pine bark by up to 55%. Such growth stimulation was associated with a sharp increase in protein and beta-glucosidase excretion by hyphae in culture filtrates. As T. matsutake has some saprotrophic ability, the initiation and extension of Matsutake Shiro in forest soil might require simultaneously nutrients derived from the host plant and from soil organic compounds. Data reported here may contribute to the formulation of new culture substrates adapted to the co-culture of T. matsutake and its host plant under controlled conditions.