Improved background correction for spotted DNA microarrays.

Most microarray scanning software for glass spotted arrays provides estimates for the intensity for the "foreground" and "background" of two channels for every spot. The common approach in further analyzing such data is to first subtract the background from the foreground for each channel and to use the ratio of these two results as the estimate of the expression level. The resulting ratios are, after possible averaging over replicates, the usual inputs for further data analysis, such as clustering. If, with this background correction procedure, the foreground intensity was smaller than the background intensity for a channel, that spot (on that array) yields no usable data. In this paper it is argued that this preprocessing leads to estimates of the expression that have a much larger variance than needed when the expression levels are low.