Directed enzyme evolution.

Laboratory evolutionists continue to generate better enzymes for industrial and research applications. Exciting developments include new biocatalysts for enantioselective carbon-carbon bond formation and fatty acid production in plants. Creative contributions to the repertoire of evolutionary methods will ensure further growth in applications and expand the scope and complexity of biological design problems that can be addressed. Researchers are also starting to elucidate mechanisms of enzyme adaptation and natural evolution by testing evolutionary scenarios in the laboratory.