HFE gene mutations analysis in Basque hereditary haemochromatosis patients and controls.

C282Y/C282Y genotype is the prevalent genotype in Hereditary Haemochromatosis (HH), however, other genotypes have been associated with the disease. The objective of our study was to analyse the frequency of the three main mutations of HFE gene in HH patients and controls from the Basque population with differential genetic characteristics. Thirty five HH patients and 116 controls were screened for C282Y, H63D and S65C mutations using a PCR-RFLP technique. The association of HLA-A and-B alleles and HFE mutations was also studied in Basque controls. The frequency of C282Y homozygotes in the group of patients was only 57%. The rest of the patients presented heterogeneous genotypes, including compound heterozygotes: 11% of them were C282Y/H63D; and 2.85% were H63D/S65C. H63D or S65C heterozygotes had a frequency of 11% and 2.85 respectively and 5.71% patients lacked any mutation The high frequency of H63D in the healthy Basque population is confirmed in this study. A considerable incidence of S65C is observed either in controls and in HH (3%) or in iron overloaded patients. The peculiar genetic characteristics of Basques could explain the heterogeneity of genotypes in HH patients of this group. Further studies should be carried out to confirm these findings although the implication of other genetic or external factors in the development of HH is suggested.