Pulmonary function tests in preoperative pulmonary evaluation.

Pulmonary function testing (PFT) is used extensively by pulmonary specialists to address two common clinical questions: (1) What is the risk of a postoperative pulmonary complication in an individual with lung disease? and (2) Will the patient be able to tolerate lung resection surgery? Today, there are numerous tests available to measure pulmonary function; making judicious use of these tests essential. In this article, the authors describe significant postoperative pulmonary complications, and discuss the surgical and patient factors contributing to the risk of these complications. They provide an evidence-based approach using pulmonary function data to determine an individual patient's risk for pulmonary complications associated with three types of surgical procedures-upper abdominal, cardiac, and lung resection-and discuss recommendations for risk education.