BACKGROUND: There is evidence of an association between socioeconomic status (SES) and atopy mainly from studies in children which investigated atopic diseases and parental SES. We determined the association of allergic sensitization, as measured by skin prick test (SPT) and allergen-specific IgE (RAST), and SES in a population-based study in adults. METHODS: Within a population-based, nested, case-control study, a standardized interview was performed and allergic sensitization to common aeroallergens was determined by SPT and RAST. RESULTS: A total of 1537 adults (50.4% female, age: median 50.0, range 28-78 years) were investigated, half of whom (50.2%) exhibited at least one positive RAST result according to the study design. SPT reactivity was 37.3% in this group and was estimated to be 26.1% in the representative study base of 4178 adults. Within increasing categories of school graduation (none; after 8, 10, 13, and >13 years), the prevalence of SPT (20.5%, 31.3%, 44.0%, 44.2%, 48.1%; P trend <0.0001) and RAST reactivity (35.0%, 48.0%, 52.3%, 48.4%, 58.4%; P trend=0.004) increased continuously. Similar results were obtained when testing this association on the level of single allergens. After control for age, sex, and parental history of atopic diseases, all but the first odds ratios for SPT remained significant (first category=reference, 2.06, 3.21, 3.88, 3.96). The same model for RAST reactivity revealed a similar result with effect estimate for the last category being significant (first category=reference, 1.89, 2.08, 2.10, 2.81). CONCLUSIONS: Allergic sensitization (SPT and RAST) to common aeroallergens in adults follows a significant and linear association with school education.
BACKGROUND: There is evidence of an association between socioeconomic status (SES) and atopy mainly from studies in children which investigated atopic diseases and parental SES. We determined the association of allergic sensitization, as measured by skin prick test (SPT) and allergen-specific IgE (RAST), and SES in a population-based study in adults. METHODS: Within a population-based, nested, case-control study, a standardized interview was performed and allergic sensitization to common aeroallergens was determined by SPT and RAST. RESULTS: A total of 1537 adults (50.4% female, age: median 50.0, range 28-78 years) were investigated, half of whom (50.2%) exhibited at least one positive RAST result according to the study design. SPT reactivity was 37.3% in this group and was estimated to be 26.1% in the representative study base of 4178 adults. Within increasing categories of school graduation (none; after 8, 10, 13, and >13 years), the prevalence of SPT (20.5%, 31.3%, 44.0%, 44.2%, 48.1%; P trend <0.0001) and RAST reactivity (35.0%, 48.0%, 52.3%, 48.4%, 58.4%; P trend=0.004) increased continuously. Similar results were obtained when testing this association on the level of single allergens. After control for age, sex, and parental history of atopic diseases, all but the first odds ratios for SPT remained significant (first category=reference, 2.06, 3.21, 3.88, 3.96). The same model for RAST reactivity revealed a similar result with effect estimate for the last category being significant (first category=reference, 1.89, 2.08, 2.10, 2.81). CONCLUSIONS:Allergic sensitization (SPT and RAST) to common aeroallergens in adults follows a significant and linear association with school education.
Authors: Urs C Steiner; Lucas M Bachmann; Micheal B Soyka; Stephan Regenass; Lukas Steinegger; Elsbeth Probst Journal: Allergy Rhinol (Providence) Date: 2018-05-18
Authors: Anna Karoliina Haarala; Suvi-Päivikki Sinikumpu; Eeva Vaaramo; Jari Jokelainen; Markku Timonen; Juha Auvinen; Juha Pekkanen; Laura Huilaja Journal: Int J Environ Res Public Health Date: 2021-07-02 Impact factor: 3.390
Authors: Tea Skaaby; Tuomas O Kilpeläinen; Amy E Taylor; Yuvaraj Mahendran; Andrew Wong; Tarunveer S Ahluwalia; Lavinia Paternoster; Stella Trompet; David J Stott; Claudia Flexeder; Ang Zhou; Guy Brusselle; Ayesha Sajjad; Lies Lahousse; Henning Tiemeier; Christian Theil Have; Betina H Thuesen; Line Lund Kårhus; Line Tang Møllehave; Katja Biering Leth-Møller; Daniel Mønsted Shabanzadeh; Arturo Gonzalez-Quintela; Chris Power; Elina Hyppönen; Diana Kuh; Rebecca Hardy; Thomas Meitinger; J Wouter Jukema; Uwe Völker; Matthias Nauck; Henry Völzke; Nele Friedrich; Tobias N Bonten; Raymond Noordam; Dennis O Mook-Kanamori; Janne S Tolstrup; Christian Taube; Annette Peters; Harald Grallert; Konstantin Strauch; Holger Schulz; Niels Grarup; Torben Hansen; Oluf Pedersen; Stephen Burgess; Marcus R Munafò; Allan Linneberg Journal: Addiction Date: 2018-10-30 Impact factor: 7.256