Modelling spatial variability using soil profiles in the Riverland of South Australia.

The soils of the Riverland vary significantly throughout the region. Soils from a vineyard near Loxton, whilst having only half the topsoil depth of two near Waikerie, are comparable in water-holding capacity because the soils are less sandy. Topographic difference can cause an additional variation between areas in the same neighbourhood. Highland soils typically develop a dune swale topography that gives rise to anisotropic semivariograms. First slope soils on the other hand give isotropic semivariograms. Semivariograms for topsoil depth and readily available water (RAW) for the three vineyards are used in the calculation of the efficiency of the sampling grids employed to gain an understanding of the soils. Kriging variance values have been calculated for 1, 2, 3 and 4 hectare square irrigation valve areas (IVAs) using the industry standard grid 75 x 75 m as well as grids 50 x 50 m and 100 x 100 m. Choice of the appropriate sampling grid to achieve a specified accuracy can thus be made.