Preliminary observations of single-agent docetaxel as neoadjuvant therapy for locally advanced prostate cancer.

Patients with locally advanced prostate cancer present a significant therapeutic dilemma. Despite aggressive local therapies, including radical prostatectomy (RP), these patients are at high risk for biochemical failure. Several research groups have recently demonstrated the feasibility of hormonal and chemohormonal therapy before RP, but limited published data are available regarding the usefulness of chemotherapy without hormonal therapy in the neoadjuvant setting. At Cleveland Clinic Foundation, a phase II trial was initiated to evaluate a 6-week course of docetaxel, 40 mg/m(2) intravenously every 7 days, followed by RP in patients with locally advanced prostate cancer. RP was to be performed within 3 weeks of completion of neoadjuvant chemotherapy. The primary endpoint of this study is pathologic complete response. Preliminary toxicity data suggest that weekly docetaxel is well tolerated and does not increase the risk of perioperative or post operative complications. Reductions in prostate-specific antigen levels were noted in seven of 10 patients who completed the 6-week course of neoadjuvant docetaxel. The neoadjuvant use of investigational cancer therapies may allow for relatively rapid assessment of their antitumor activity. Copyright 2001 by W.B. Saunders Company.