Ecological aspects of auditory rehabilitation.

Speech and language communication represents an important aspect of interaction between humans and their social environment. In this respect, communication can be analysed in analogy with ecological systems. A conceptual framework based on this analogy has been presented recently and is further developed in this paper. In particular, the consequences for design and accomplishment of auditory rehabilitation are discussed in relation to our own studies. The ecological model contains three levels of interpersonal interaction: signal, message and behaviour, as well as an interaction with the social and physical background. Sensory information is treated in afferent neural systems, processed in language centres and expressed via the vocal system. The communication situation is evaluated and compared with the internal reference "preferendum". The discrepancy between this internal template, a self-image and the perceived reality gives rise to a feedback signal that acts on the components of the communication process within the individual and in the environment, on the one hand, and on the preferendum, on the other. The role of language training, speaking behaviour, meta-communication, e.g. reporting lack of understanding or acknowledging understood messages, are made apparent through an application of the model to rehabilitation.