A robust method to study stress "deafness".

Previous research by Dupoux et al. [J. Memory Lang. 36, 406-421 (1997)] has shown that French participants, as opposed to Spanish participants, have difficulties in distinguishing nonwords that differ only in the location of stress. Contrary to Spanish, French does not have contrastive stress, and French participants are "deaf" to stress contrasts. The experimental paradigm used by Dupoux et al. (speeded ABX) yielded significant group differences, but did not allow for a sorting of individuals according to their stress "deafness." Individual assessment is crucial to study special populations, such as bilinguals or trained monolinguals. In this paper, a more robust paradigm based on a short-term memory sequence repetition task is proposed. In five French-Spanish cross-linguistic experiments, stress "deafness" is shown to crucially depend upon a combination of memory load and phonetic variability in F0. In experiments 3 and 4, nonoverlapping distribution of individual results for French and Spanish participants is observed. The paradigm is thus appropriate for assessing stress deafness in individual participants.