Influence of choledochoscopy on the choice of surgical procedure.

1. Direct endoscopy of the biliary tract has been used alone or in conjunction with operative cholangiography as a method of policing choledochal explorations. 2. A series of cases is presented in which endoscopy of the bile ducts has been of significant aid in clarifying the pathologic factors at operation. 3. This experience indicates that operative visualization of the bile ducts deserves a place in the surgical armamentarium.