Conidial movement of nontoxigenic Aspergillus flavus and A. parasiticus in peanut fields following application to soil.

The use of nontoxigenic strains of Aspergillus flavus and A. parasiticus in biological control effectively reduces aflatoxin in peanuts when conidium- producing inoculum is applied to the soil surface. In this study, the movement of conidia in soil was examined following natural rainfall and controlled precipitation from a sprinkler irrigation system. Conidia of nontoxigenic A. flavus and A. parasiticus remained near the soil surface despite repeated rainfall and varying amounts of applied water from irrigation. In addition, rainfall washed the conidia along the peanut furrows for up to 100 meters downstream from the experimental plot boundary. The dispersal gradient was otherwise very steep upstream along the furrows and in directions perpendicular to the peanut rows. The retention of biocontrol conidia in the upper soil layers is likely important in reducing aflatoxin contamination of peanuts and aerial crops such as corn and cottonseed.