Capture rates of the European pine sawfly, Neodiprion sertifer, in pheromone traps, with special regard to effects of wind speed.

Males of the European pine sawfly, Neodiprion sertifer Geoffr., were marked and released downwind from pheromone traps, baited with 100 micrograms of the sex pheromone (2S,3S,7S)-3,7-dimethyl-2-pentadecyl acetate. Males were released 5 m downwind from one trap, or downwind from five traps, 50 m or 200 m away. The average capture rates after 24 hr were 21.5%, 17.7% and 3.8%, respectively. The capture rate was highest at moderate wind speeds (1-2 m/sec) in the 50 m experiments, whereas it decreased above wind speeds of 1.5 m/sec in the 200 m experiments. With no precipitation and > 13.5 degrees C during overcast, wind speed is presumably the most important climatic factor for N. sertifer males flying upwind to a pheromone source. Travel time, the elapsed time form take-off to landing on the trap, varied considerably, and the shortest recorded travel times were 1, 6 and 45 min for the 5, 50, and 200 m experiments, respectively. The trap efficiency i.e., number of captured males per number of males that landed on the trap, was estimated at 52% in the 5 m experiments. The sampling range after 24 hr was calculated at approximately 400 m by regression analysis. The combination of the males' flight ability during upwind progress and their longevity (12 days), suggests a potentially large seasonal sampling range of the traps used in this study.