Restructuring of an RNA polymerase holoenzyme elongation complex by lambdoid phage Q proteins.

The structure of an intermediate in the initiation to elongation transition of Escherichia coli RNA polymerase has been visualized through region-specific DNA cleavage by the hydroxyl radical reagent FeBABE. FeBABE was tethered to specific sites of the final sigma(70) subunit and incorporated into two specialized paused elongation complexes that obligatorily retain the final sigma(70) initiation subunit and are targets for modification by lambdoid phage late gene antiterminators. The FeBABE cleavage pattern reveals structures similar to open complex, except for notable changes to region 3 of final sigma(70) that might reflect the presence of stably bound transcript. Binding of the antiterminator protein Q displaces the reactivity of FeBABE conjugated to region 4 of final sigma(70), suggesting that final sigma(70) subunit rearrangement is a step in conversion of RNAP to the antiterminating form.