On-line incorporation of cloud point extraction to flow injection analysis.

The on-line incorporation of cloud point extraction (CPE) to flow injection analysis (FIA) is demonstrated for the first time. The technical difficulties of inducing the cloud point phenomenon, separating the surfactant-rich phase from the aqueous phase, and detecting trace amounts of analyte(s) in the presence of the highly scattering surfactant medium in an on-line FIA system were resolved by the following: (1) mixing the sample solution containing the analyte(s) and CPE surfactant with an appropriate salting-out agent, (2) using a collection column to entrap the analyte-containing surfactant aggregates, and (3) employing the peroxyoxalate chemiluminescence reaction for the sensitive and selective determination of the analyte(s) in the presence of surfactant micelles. The figures of merit for the determination of coproporphyrin in pretreated urine samples were as follows: precision, 1.1-2.2% (RSD); limit of detection, 2.0 microg/L; and the calibration curve was linear from 46 to 2319 (micro/L (r = 0.9996).