Effect of long-term treatment with vanadate in drinking water on KK mice with genetic non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus.

The glucose-lowering effect of vanadate, ammonium metavanadate (AMV), on diabetic KK mice was examined. Five-week-old male KK mice were administrated with a solution of AMV via drinking water at concentrations of vanadium (V) with 0.1, 1.0, 10 and 100 microg/mL for a period of 10 wk, respectively. Body weight, consumption of food and water, and blood glucose levels was measured every week for 10 wk. The results showed that food consumption and body weight in the experimental groups were similar to those in the control group. A statistically significant decrease of drinking water consumption and blood glucose levels in the group treated with 100 microg V/mL was observed. The glucose tolerance in the vanadate-treated mice with 10 and 100 microg V/mL was remarkably improved compared with the control group. Biochemical analyses at the end of experiments demonstrated that a distinct tendency for the glucose and hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) levels to decrease with vanadate treatment in the blood was also observed. The glutamic pyruvic transaminase, glutamic oxaloacetate transaminase, blood urea nitrogen, triglyceride, high-density lipoprotein, and total cholesterol levels in plasma were lower in the higher vanadium groups than those in the control group. These results indicate that vanadium effectively produced the glucose-lowering effect at a higher dose than that at a low dose of vanadium in drinking water, without any overt signs of toxicity.