Phage display combinatorial libraries of short peptides: ligand selection for protein purification.

A library of heptapeptides displayed on the surface of filamentous phage M13 was evaluated as a potential source of affinity ligands for the purification of Rhizomucor miehei lipase. Two independent selection (biopanning) protocols were employed: the enzyme was either physically adsorbed on polystyrene or chemically immobilized on small magnetic beads. From screening with the polystyrene-adsorbed lipase it was found that there was a rapid enrichment of the library with "doublet" clones i.e. the phage species which carried two consecutive sequences of heptapeptides, whilst no such clones were observed from the screening using lipase attached to magnetic beads. The binding of the best clones to the enzyme was unambiguously confirmed by ELISA. However the synthetic heptapeptide of identical sequence to the best "monomeric" clone did not act as a satisfactory affinity ligand after immobilization on Sepharose. This indicated that the interaction with lipase was due to both the heptapeptide and the presence of a part of the phage coat protein. This conclusion was further verified by immobilizing the whole phage on the surface of magnetic beads and using the resulting conjugate as an affinity adsorbent. The scope of application of this methodology and the possibility of preparing phage-based affinity materials are briefly discussed.