Generalized transduction in Streptomyces coelicolor.

We report the isolation of generalized transducing phages for Streptomyces species able to transduce chromosomal markers or plasmids between derivatives of Streptomyces coelicolor, the principal genetic model system for this important bacterial genus. We describe four apparently distinct phages (DAH2, DAH4, DAH5, and DAH6) that are capable of transducing multiple chromosomal markers at frequencies ranging from 10(-5) to 10(-9) per plaque-forming unit. The phages contain DNA ranging in size from 93 to 121 kb and mediate linked transfer of genetic loci at neighboring chromosomal sites sufficiently close to be packaged within the same phage particle. The key to our ability to demonstrate transduction by these phages was the establishment of conditions expected to severely reduce superinfection killing during the selection of transductants. The host range of these phages, as measured by the ability to form plaques, extends to species as distantly related as Streptomyces avermitilis and Streptomyces verticillus, which are among the most commercially important species of this genus. Transduction of plasmid DNA between S. coelicolor and S. verticillus was observed at frequencies of approximately 10(-4) transductants per colony-forming unit.