Simple shear testing of parallel-fibered planar soft tissues.

The simple shear test may provide unique information regarding the material response of parallel-fibered soft tissues because it allows the elimination of the dominant fiber material response from the overall stresses. However, inhomogeneities in the strain field due to clamping and free edge effects have not been documented. The finite element method was used to study finite simple shear of simulated ligament material parallel to the fiber direction. The effects of aspect ratio, clamping prestrain, and bulk modulus were assessed using a transversely isotropic, hyperelastic material model. For certain geometries, there was a central area of uniform strain. An aspect ratio of 1:2 for the fiber to cross-fiber directions provided the largest region of uniform strain. The deformation was nearly isochoric for all bulk moduli indicating this test may be useful for isolating solid viscoelasticity from interstitial flow effects. Results suggest this test can be used to characterize the matrix properties for the type of materials examined in this study, and that planar measurements will suffice to characterize the strain. The test configuration may be useful for the study of matrix, fiber-matrix, and fiber-fiber material response in other types of parallel-fibered transversely isotropic soft tissues.