Receptor accessory folding helper enzymes: the functional role of peptidyl prolyl cis/trans isomerases.

Receptor accessory peptidyl prolyl cis/trans isomerases (PPIases) of the FKBP and cyclophilin types form receptor heterocomplexes with different stabilities. PPIases have been found to associate with other receptor heterocomplex constituents via either proline-directed active sites or additional domains of the enzymes. The single-domain PPIases FKBP12 and FKBP12.6 are shown to interact with receptor protein kinases and calcium channels at their active sites. In contrast, heterooligomeric nuclear receptors contain multi-domain PPIases like FKBP51, FKBP52 or cyclophilin 40 that directly interact with the chaperone hsp90 via the tetratricopeptide repeat modules of the folding helper enzymes. PPIases play a critical role in the functional arrangement of components within receptor heterocomplexes.