Single-lumen subcutaneous ports inserted by interventional radiologists in patients undergoing chemotherapy: incidence of infection and outcome of attempted catheter salvage.

BACKGROUND: Subcutaneous ports are commonly used for vascular access in patients with cancer undergoing chemotherapy.
OBJECTIVES: To determine the incidence of catheter-related infection and to assess the efficacy of catheter salvage in subcutaneous ports.
METHODS: We retrospectively reviewed 300 subcutaneous single-lumen chest ports inserted by interventional radiologists in 294 patients between December 1, 1995, and November 15, 1997, at the Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, Ohio. The number of days that the catheter remained in situ, infection rate, treatment, and outcome of infection were determined.
RESULTS: Two hundred ninety-four patients had a total of 79 748 catheter-days. Vascular access for chemotherapy was the indication for 95% of the subcutaneous ports placed. Seventeen catheters (5.7%) developed 20 episodes of noninfectious complications resulting in the removal of 6 ports. Seventeen patients (5.7%) developed catheter-related infections (2.1/10 000 catheter-days) including 10 episodes of catheter-related bacteremia (1.2/10 000 catheter-days). The most common organism isolated was Staphylococcus aureus. A total of 15 of the 17 infected catheters were removed. Salvage was attempted in 6 patients in whom 4 catheters were eventually removed due to recurrent bacteremia (2 patients) and persistent local infection (2 patients). One of the 10 patients with catheter-related bacteremia developed septic arthritis. There were no complications associated with attempted catheter salvage.
CONCLUSIONS: Subcutaneous single-lumen ports inserted by interventional radiologists in patients undergoing chemotherapy have low complication rates but infections remain the leading cause of catheter loss. Antibiotic therapy without catheter removal is unlikely to eradicate catheter-related bacteremia.