OBJECTIVE: To determine the frequency of Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection in glaucoma patients and in anemic control participants. DESIGN: Prospective, nonrandomized, comparative study. PARTICIPANTS: The authors investigated 32 patients with chronic open-angle glaucoma (COAG), 9 patients with pseudoexfoliation glaucoma (PEG), and 30 age-matched anemic control participants. METHODS: Upper gastrointestinal endoscopy was performed to evaluate macroscopic abnormalities, and gastric mucosal biopsy specimens were obtained for the presence of H. pylori infection tested by rapid urease slide test (CLO test) and by Cresyl fast violet staining, Giemsa staining, or both. The presence of gastritis was classified in accordance with the Sydney system by using hematoxylin and eosin stain. In addition, intestinal metaplasia was evaluated with Alcian blue stain. Saliva samples were also tested by CLO. Serum was analyzed for the presence of H. pylori-specific IgG antibodies by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE: Histologic examination for the presence of H. pylori. RESULTS: In 87.5% of the COAG patients, 88.9% of the PEG patients, and 46.7% of the anemic control participants, H. pylori infection was histologically confirmed (odds ratio, 8.00; chi-square, 11.81; P = 0.0006 and 9.14; chi-square, 5.01; P = 0.02, respectively). H. pylori was detected by urease test: (1) in the gastric mucosa in 71.9% of the COAG patients, in 77.8% of the PEG patients, and in 46.7% of the anemic control participants (P = 0.03 and P > 0.05, respectively); and (2) in the saliva in 37.5% of the COAG patients, in 55.6% of the PEG patients, and in 30% of the anemic control participants (P > 0.05). Sixty-eight percent of glaucoma patients and 30% of anemic control participants were seropositive for H. pylori (P = 0.002). When compared with anemic control participants, glaucoma patients exhibited less often endoscopic normal appearance of gastric mucosa (P = 0.01), and more often antral gastritis (P = 0.0004) or peptic ulcer disease (P = 0.01). Histologic grade 3 gastritis was observed only in the glaucoma patients (P = 0.03). CONCLUSIONS: H. pylori infection seems more frequent in glaucoma patients. If confirmed, this may indicate either a common factor that causes susceptibilities to both glaucoma and H. pylori infection or that H. pylori may be a causal factor for developing glaucoma.
OBJECTIVE: To determine the frequency of Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection in glaucomapatients and in anemic control participants. DESIGN: Prospective, nonrandomized, comparative study. PARTICIPANTS: The authors investigated 32 patients with chronic open-angle glaucoma (COAG), 9 patients with pseudoexfoliation glaucoma (PEG), and 30 age-matched anemic control participants. METHODS: Upper gastrointestinal endoscopy was performed to evaluate macroscopic abnormalities, and gastric mucosal biopsy specimens were obtained for the presence of H. pyloriinfection tested by rapid urease slide test (CLO test) and by Cresyl fast violet staining, Giemsa staining, or both. The presence of gastritis was classified in accordance with the Sydney system by using hematoxylin and eosin stain. In addition, intestinal metaplasia was evaluated with Alcian blue stain. Saliva samples were also tested by CLO. Serum was analyzed for the presence of H. pylori-specific IgG antibodies by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE: Histologic examination for the presence of H. pylori. RESULTS: In 87.5% of the COAG patients, 88.9% of the PEG patients, and 46.7% of the anemic control participants, H. pyloriinfection was histologically confirmed (odds ratio, 8.00; chi-square, 11.81; P = 0.0006 and 9.14; chi-square, 5.01; P = 0.02, respectively). H. pylori was detected by urease test: (1) in the gastric mucosa in 71.9% of the COAG patients, in 77.8% of the PEG patients, and in 46.7% of the anemic control participants (P = 0.03 and P > 0.05, respectively); and (2) in the saliva in 37.5% of the COAG patients, in 55.6% of the PEG patients, and in 30% of the anemic control participants (P > 0.05). Sixty-eight percent of glaucomapatients and 30% of anemic control participants were seropositive for H. pylori (P = 0.002). When compared with anemic control participants, glaucomapatients exhibited less often endoscopic normal appearance of gastric mucosa (P = 0.01), and more often antral gastritis (P = 0.0004) or peptic ulcer disease (P = 0.01). Histologic grade 3 gastritis was observed only in the glaucomapatients (P = 0.03). CONCLUSIONS:H. pyloriinfection seems more frequent in glaucomapatients. If confirmed, this may indicate either a common factor that causes susceptibilities to both glaucoma and H. pyloriinfection or that H. pylori may be a causal factor for developing glaucoma.
Authors: Mehmet Erol Can; Fatma Efe Kaplan; Mehmet Murat Uzel; Hasan Kiziltoprak; Mustafa Cagri Ergun; Mustafa Koc; Gülcin Simsek Journal: Int Ophthalmol Date: 2017-08-05 Impact factor: 2.031