Selective impairment of protein kinase C isotypes in murine macrophage by Leishmania donovani.

Leishmania donovani, an obligate intracellular parasite resides and multiplies within macrophage of the reticuloendothelial system. The intracellular signalling mechanism involved in the impaired oxidative response in leishmaniasis has not yet been clearly established. Generation of superoxide anion (O2-) is supposed to be the first line of host defence during microbial invasion. We found a substantial inhibition of superoxide anion generation in parasitized macrophages, which was just the reverse in case of macrophages challenged with Lipophosphoglycan (LPG) deficient attenuated leishmanial parasite UR-6. The generation of O2- essentially needs the prior activation of protein kinase C (PKC) mediated phosphorylation events. Our study proposed that phosphorylation of 67, 54, 47 and 36 kDa proteins was attenuated during infection. This was supported by PKC activity study, where Ca-dependent PKC activity was inhibited but, Ca-independent PKC activity was enhanced. This result was further confirmed by using isotype specific pseudosubstrate inhibitors of Ca-dependent PKC beta and Ca-independent PKC zeta. Application of beta-pseudosubstrate could not alter the Ca-dependent PKC activity but zeta-pseudosubstrate inhibited the Ca-independent PKC activity in infected macrophages. Our immunoblot analysis with specific antibody against PKC beta and PKC zeta isotypes showed down regulation of PKC beta-II expression with concomitant induction of PKC zeta. Such inhibition of Ca-dependent PKC beta was reversed in macrophages treated with UR-6. Taken together, our observations revealed that infection with L. donovani selectively attenuates both the expression and activity of Ca-dependent PKC beta.