Impact of intramural leiomyomata in patients with a normal endometrial cavity on in vitro fertilization-embryo transfer cycle outcome.

OBJECTIVE: Assess the impact of intramural uterine leiomyomata and a normal endometrial cavity on IVF-ET cycle outcome.
DESIGN: Retrospective case-controlled analysis.
SETTING: Tertiary-care-assisted reproductive technology program. PATIENT(S): Three hundred ninety-nine consecutive fresh IVF-ET cycles were performed in patients with a normal precycle diagnostic hysteroscopy; patients were divided into four groups. Group 1: positive leiomyomata, age <40 years (n = 51 cycles); group 2: negative leiomyomata, age <40 years (n = 57 cycles); group 3: positive leiomyomata, age > or =40 years (n = 22 cycles); group 4: negative leiomyomata, age > or =40 years (n = 59 cycles). A subgroup of all group 2 patients aged 35-39 (group 2A, n = 113 cycles) was also evaluated as an additional control. INTERVENTION(S): Controlled ovarian hyperstimulation, IVF-ET. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S): Implantation (IR), live birth (LBR) rates. RESULT(S): There were no significant differences in LBR among age-matched controls: group 1 (49%) versus 2 (57.5%) or 2A (57%) and group 3 (40.9%) versus 4 (32.2%). IR was significantly lower in group 1 (21.4%) versus 2 (33.3%) or 2A (33.9%) but not in group 3 (17.5%) versus 4 (11.6%). Implantation did not correlate with either mean leiomyoma diameter or volume. CONCLUSION(S): [1] LBR was not affected by the presence of intramural leiomyoma in IVF-ET patients with hysteroscopically normal endometrial cavities. [2] A significant decrease in IR was only noted in patients <40 years old. [3] Given the relatively high LBR in all groups, prophylactic surgical intervention cannot be justified, but precycle hysteroscopy evaluation is recommended.