Reforming gendered health care: an assessment of change.

Health policy in the United States has changed dramatically over the past three decades, with the main concern shifting from expanded health care coverage to containment of health care costs. The current focus on providing cost-effective health services, reflected in the growth of managed care initiatives, has elevated concern about the quality of health care. The authors contend that quality of health care has always been the key focus in the women's health movement, which evolved in the late 1960s as the first significant challenge to modern medicine. In this article, they apply the analytic lens of gender to develop a fresh perspective on U.S. health care organizations and policies, examining the six broad demands of the feminist consumer model of health care, all of which hinge on the issue of quality care for women, to determine whether women's health needs are now being better addressed. The authors conclude that, despite some notable gains in the roles of women as consumers and providers of health care, many of the new health reforms have replicated and solidified the historical inequities in the health care system.