Tissue engineering via local gene delivery: update and future prospects for enhancing the technology.

This review describes the status of a local plasmid-based gene transfer technology known as the gene activated matrix (GAM). Studies over the past 6 years suggest that GAM may serve as a platform technology for local gene delivery in the wound bed of various tissues and organs. These studies demonstrated that plasmid encoding genes can be delivered to acutely injured tendon, ligament, bone, muscle, skin and nerve. Moreover, direct in vivo transfer of therapeutic plasmid encoding genes in bone, skin and nerve was associated with a significant regenerative response relative to sham controls. The review also describes new technology that should enhance the potential of local gene delivery in a manner consistent with the risk-benefit profile associated with tissue engineering applications.