Topographic esophageal manometry: an emerging clinical and investigative approach.

Topographic esophageal manometry utilizes an increased number of pressure sensors and three-dimensional displays to fully reveal the pressure continuum representing peristalsis. The techniques demonstrate that peristalsis is comprised of a chain of pressure segments, beginning at the upper esophageal sphincter and continuing through lower sphincter aftercontraction. Topographic methods have already proven useful in both research and clinical settings. Description of the techniques, the topographic representation of normal and abnormal esophageal motility, and advantages of topography over conventional manometric methods are discussed in this review.