Regulation of APP cleavage by alpha-, beta- and gamma-secretases.

Proteolytic cleavage of the amyloid protein from the amyloid protein precursor (APP) by APP secretases is a key event in Alzheimer's disease (AD) pathogenesis. alpha-Secretases cleave APP within the amyloid sequences, whereas beta- and gamma-secretases cleave on the N- and C-terminal ends respectively. The transmembrane aspartyl protease BACE has been identified as beta-secretase and several proteases (ADAM-10, TACE, PC7) may be alpha-secretases. A number of studies have suggested that presenilins could be gamma-secretases, although this remains to be demonstrated conclusively. Inhibition of beta- and gamma-secretase, or stimulation of alpha-secretase, is a rational strategy for therapeutic intervention in AD.