Monostotic fibrous dysplasia of the spine: report of a case involving the lumbar transverse process and review of the literature.

Monostotic fibrous dysplasia of the spine is rare. We report its clinical, radiologic and histologic features affecting a 47-year-old housewife. She presented with low-back pain of 1-year's duration, and radiographs showed a diffuse expansile lesion in the left transverse process of the fourth lumbar vertebra. The lesion was excised and histologically confirmed to be fibrous dysplasia. The patient remained well 8 years after operation. Including the present case, a total of 22 cases of monostotic fibrous dysplasia of the spine were found in the literature. Combining these reported cases, we found that the condition affects either sex with equal frequency and presents at any age, the mean being 32 years. There is no predilection for any part of the spinal column, though sacral or coccygeal involvement is distinctly rare. It most commonly involves the body and adjacent pedicle, although no part of the vertebra is spared. It is worth noting that a propensity for progressive enlargement, even to the extent of causing graft destruction, exists if the lesion is left untreated or incompletely treated. Complete removal of all involved bone, together with stabilization, should therefore be the treatment of choice for this condition.