Nutritional regulation of the fatty acid synthase promoter in vivo: sterol regulatory element binding protein functions through an upstream region containing a sterol regulatory element.

The transcription of fatty acid synthase (FAS), a central enzyme in de novo lipogenesis, is dramatically induced by fasting/refeeding and insulin. We reported that upstream stimulatory factor binding to the -65 E-box is required for induction of the FAS transcription by insulin in 3T3-L1 adipocytes. On the other hand, we recently found that two upstream 5' regions are required for induction in vivo by fasting/refeeding and insulin; one at -278 to -131 albeit at a low level, and the other at -444 to -278 with an E-box at -332 where upstream stimulatory factor functions for maximal induction. Here, we generated double transgenic mice carrying the chloramphenicol acetyltransferase reporter driven by the various 5' deletions of the FAS promoter region and a truncated active form of the sterol regulatory element (SRE) binding protein (SREBP)-1a. We found that SREBP participates in the nutritional regulation of the FAS promoter and that the region between -278 and -131 bp is required for SREBP function. We demonstrate that SREBP binds the -150 canonical SRE present between -278 and -131, and SREBP can function through the -150 SRE in cultured cells. These in vivo and in vitro results indicate that SREBP is involved in the nutritional induction of the FAS promoter via the -278/-131 region and that the -150 SRE is the target sequence.