OBJECTIVES: This study examined the relation between socioeconomic status (SES) and risk of multiple myeloma among Blacks and Whites in the United States. METHODS: This population-based case-control study included 573 cases (206 Blacks and 367 Whites) with new diagnoses of multiple myeloma identified between August 1, 1986, and April 30, 1989, and 2131 controls (967 Blacks and 1164 Whites) from 3 US geographic areas. Information on occupation, income, and education was obtained by personal interview. RESULTS: Inverse gradients in risk were associated with occupation-based SES, income, and education. Risks were significantly elevated for subjects in the lowest categories of occupation-based SES (odds ratio [OR] = 1.71, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.16, 2.53), education (OR = 1.36, 95% CI = 1.06, 1.75), and income (OR = 1.43, 95% CI = 1.05, 1.93). Occupation-based low SES accounted for 37% of multiple myeloma in Blacks and 17% in Whites, as well as 49% of the excess incidence in Blacks. Low education and low income accounted for 17% and 28% of the excess incidence in Blacks, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: Our results indicate that the measured SES-related factors account for a substantial amount of the Black-White differential in multiple myeloma incidence.
OBJECTIVES: This study examined the relation between socioeconomic status (SES) and risk of multiple myeloma among Blacks and Whites in the United States. METHODS: This population-based case-control study included 573 cases (206 Blacks and 367 Whites) with new diagnoses of multiple myeloma identified between August 1, 1986, and April 30, 1989, and 2131 controls (967 Blacks and 1164 Whites) from 3 US geographic areas. Information on occupation, income, and education was obtained by personal interview. RESULTS: Inverse gradients in risk were associated with occupation-based SES, income, and education. Risks were significantly elevated for subjects in the lowest categories of occupation-based SES (odds ratio [OR] = 1.71, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.16, 2.53), education (OR = 1.36, 95% CI = 1.06, 1.75), and income (OR = 1.43, 95% CI = 1.05, 1.93). Occupation-based low SES accounted for 37% of multiple myeloma in Blacks and 17% in Whites, as well as 49% of the excess incidence in Blacks. Low education and low income accounted for 17% and 28% of the excess incidence in Blacks, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: Our results indicate that the measured SES-related factors account for a substantial amount of the Black-White differential in multiple myeloma incidence.
Authors: L M Brown; M S Linet; R S Greenberg; D T Silverman; R B Hayes; G M Swanson; A G Schwartz; J B Schoenberg; L M Pottern; J F Fraumeni Journal: Cancer Date: 1999-06-01 Impact factor: 6.860
Authors: J M Johnston; S Grufferman; C C Bourguet; E Delzell; E R Delong; H J Cohen Journal: J Epidemiol Community Health Date: 1985-06 Impact factor: 3.710
Authors: J J Goedert; T R Coté; P Virgo; S M Scoppa; D W Kingma; M H Gail; E S Jaffe; R J Biggar Journal: Lancet Date: 1998-06-20 Impact factor: 79.321
Authors: Ola Landgren; S Vincent Rajkumar; Ruth M Pfeiffer; Robert A Kyle; Jerry A Katzmann; Angela Dispenzieri; Qiuyin Cai; Lynn R Goldin; Neil E Caporaso; Joseph F Fraumeni; William J Blot; Lisa B Signorello Journal: Blood Date: 2010-04-26 Impact factor: 22.113
Authors: Maira A Castañeda-Avila; Bill M Jesdale; Ariel Beccia; Ganga S Bey; Mara M Epstein Journal: Cancer Causes Control Date: 2021-06-05 Impact factor: 2.506
Authors: Francis Buadi; Ann W Hsing; Jerry A Katzmann; Ruth M Pfeiffer; Adam Waxman; Edward D Yeboah; Richard B Biritwum; Yao Tettey; Andrew Adjei; Lisa W Chu; Angelo DeMarzo; George J Netto; Angela Dispenzieri; Robert A Kyle; S Vincent Rajkumar; Ola Landgren Journal: Am J Hematol Date: 2011-06-14 Impact factor: 10.047
Authors: O Landgren; B I Graubard; J A Katzmann; R A Kyle; I Ahmadizadeh; R Clark; S K Kumar; A Dispenzieri; A J Greenberg; T M Therneau; L J Melton; N Caporaso; N Korde; M Roschewski; R Costello; G M McQuillan; S V Rajkumar Journal: Leukemia Date: 2014-01-20 Impact factor: 11.528
Authors: Dana Hashim; Zeinab Farhat; Sylvan Wallenstein; Marta Manczuk; Randall F Holcombe; Lorna Thorpe; Maria J Schymura; Roberto G Lucchini; Paolo Boffetta Journal: Eur J Cancer Prev Date: 2016-07 Impact factor: 2.497
Authors: Mark A Fiala; Joseph D Finney; Jingxia Liu; Keith E Stockerl-Goldstein; Michael H Tomasson; Ravi Vij; Tanya M Wildes Journal: Leuk Lymphoma Date: 2015-03-08
Authors: Silke Hermann; Sabine Rohrmann; Jakob Linseisen; Alexandra Nieters; Aneire Khan; Valentina Gallo; Kim Overvad; Anne Tjønneland; Ole Raaschou-Nielsen; Manuela M Bergmann; Heiner Boeing; Nikolaus Becker; Rudolf Kaaks; H Bas Bueno-de-Mesquita; Anne M May; Roel C H Vermeulen; Sheila Bingham; Kay-Tee Khaw; Timothy J Key; Ruth C Travis; Antonia Trichopoulou; Christina Georgila; Dimitra Triantafylou; Egidio Celentano; Vittorio Krogh; Giovanna Masala; Rosario Tumino; Antonio Agudo; Jone M Altzibar; Eva Ardanaz; Carmen Martínez-García; Marcial Vicente Argüelles Suárez; Maria José Tormo; Tonje Braaten; Eiliv Lund; Jonas Manjer; Sophia Zackrisson; Göran Hallmans; Beatrice Malmer; Paolo Boffetta; Paul Brennan; Nadia Slimani; Paolo Vineis; Elio Riboli Journal: J Cancer Res Clin Oncol Date: 2010-01 Impact factor: 4.553