Management of residual stones.

Stone-free status is highly dependent on selection of the appropriate surgical technique, which should be tailored according to the individual stone and patient parameters. Although a stone-free state is the desired outcome of surgical intervention of urolithiasis, the authors believe that the presence of noninfection, nonobstructive, asymptomatic postprocedural residual fragments can be managed metabolically in order to prevent stone growth adequately. Further surgical intervention in the case of residual fragments is warranted if the clinical indications that prompted the original surgery persist.