Anatomical basis of variability in injuries of the medial malleolus and the deltoid ligament. II. Clinical studies.

The anatomical concept of the deltoid ligament as being attached to the anterior colliculus of the medial malleolus by its superficial portion, and to the posterior colliculus by its deep portion has been applied to a clinical material. A number of singular and concurrent lesions of the medial malleolus and the deltoid ligament were recognized: fracture of the anterior colliculus, concurrent fracture of the anterior colliculus and rupture of the deep posterior talotibial ligament, fracture of the posterior colliculus, supracollicular fracture, rupture of the deltoid ligament, and chip fracture of the anterior colliculus. The clinical implications of these lesions are discussed.