Phonological competition and cooperation in form-related priming: sequential and nonsequential processes in word production.

Phonological competition theory states that competition among discrepant segments of similar words leads to inhibition of high-frequency word-naming responses in form-related priming tasks. If segments are selected sequentially, competition should be greater for begin-related pairs (storage-story), in which discrepant segments are late in the words, than for end-related pairs (glory-story), in which discrepant segments are selected before the shared ones. This pattern was not observed in standard visual priming, probably because of the influence of parallel orthographic input. However, it was observed in a repetitive word-pair production task in which visual input was absent. The findings favor a class of models in which nonsequential activation of phonological content precedes sequential selection of the segments of words to be spoken.