Part I. "Behind every problem lies an opportunity": meeting the challenge of diversity in medical schools.

The authors describe the historical evolution and present status of affirmative action in medical school admission policies. The demographic transformation of the medical student body between 1965 and 1998 from a homogeneous white and male group to one that includes a significant number of women and minority students is presented. Challenges to affirmative action are outlined. In addition, the authors note the increasing diversity of the general population and discuss the benefits of diversity to medical practice, research, and education. However, the upper ranks of professors and administrators remain white and male. The rationale for an innovative course on the history of bias in medicine and the benefits that diversity brings to the medical enterprise are presented.