Effects of consulting psychiatrist in primary care. 1-year follow-up of diagnosing and treating anxiety and depression.

OBJECTIVE: Epidemiological screening of anxiety and depressive disorders in primary care and evaluation of how these patients are identified and treated. Follow-up after 1 year of psychiatric consultation/liaison (C/L) and educational activities. SUBJECTS AND
DESIGN: In the baseline study 374 unselected and consecutive patients, and in the follow-up study 254 patients (response rate 94.5% and 90.3%, respectively) answered the screening instrument HAD scale (Hospital Anxiety and Depression scale). The HAD results were compared to clinical diagnosis and treatment according to the medical records. Differences after 1 year were analysed.
RESULTS: At follow-up the prevalence of anxiety had increased from 11.8% to 16.5% (p < 0.05), and of depression from 3.7% to 4.7% (NS) according to HAD. Also, at the follow-up more cases of anxiety disorders were clinically diagnosed--13% vs 8%--as well as an increased number of cases of depressive disorders--7.9% vs 4.0%. The agreement between HAD diagnosis and clinical judgement had increased significantly (p < 0.001) for anxiety disorders from 37% to 70%, and for depression from 20% to 45%. Treatment prevalence had also improved (p < 0.001) at the follow-up for anxiety disorders from 33% to 55% and for depression from 47% to 80%. In total, 4.0% of the baseline and 11.4% of the follow-up population were treated for anxiety and/or depression.
CONCLUSIONS: Anxiety and depressive disorders are prevalent in primary care. However, only a minority of these patients are identified and treated. Psychiatric consultant support seems to be effective in improving GP's diagnostic and therapeutic skills thus enabling these widespread disorders to be identified at an early stage and properly treated.