Physical health and post-traumatic stress disorder: review and synthesis.

This article reviews the empirical evidence on post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and physical health and considers this evidence in light of the physical health outcomes associated with other psychiatric disorders. The existing data show that PTSD is associated with poor self-reported health and increased utilization of medical services. To a lesser extent, the data also show an association between PTSD and increased morbidity. Possible psychological, behavioral, and biological mechanisms are discussed, and a model integrating these mechanisms is presented.