S Lulseged1, G Fitwi. 1. Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, Faculty of Medicine, Addis Ababa University, Ethiopia.
Abstract
OBJECTIVE: To test the association between vitamin D deficiency rickets and protein-energy malnutrition in Ethiopian children. SETTING: Ethio-Swedish Children's Hospital, a tertiary health facility catering for children coming from Addis Ababa and the surrounding districts. DESIGN: A case-control study. SUBJECTS: One hundred and fifty seven children under three years of age who had vitamin D deficiency rickets constituted the cases. Controls were the same number of children matched with cases for sex and age within one month and were seen within a week of case recruitment. RESULTS: Cases and controls were similar (p < 0.5) in terms of maternal education, paternal age, paternal education and family size. Factors strongly and independently associated with rickets were underweight, nutritional status [OR = 12.7 (95% CI 4.47-11.08)], marasmus [OR = 6.3 (95% CI 2.81-19.66)], lack of exposure to sunshine [OR = 3.5 (95% CI 1.33-5.84)] and non-married maternal marital status [OR = 5.1 (95% CI 2.90-10.62)]. CONCLUSION: Protein-energy-malnutrition is strongly associated with vitamin D deficiency rickets. Intervention strategies targeting vitamin D deficiency rickets should give emphasis to children with protein energy malnutrition. Further work will be required to define the causal links between rickets and the risk factors identified in the present study.
OBJECTIVE: To test the association between vitamin D deficiency rickets and protein-energy malnutrition in Ethiopian children. SETTING: Ethio-Swedish Children's Hospital, a tertiary health facility catering for children coming from Addis Ababa and the surrounding districts. DESIGN: A case-control study. SUBJECTS: One hundred and fifty seven children under three years of age who had vitamin D deficiency rickets constituted the cases. Controls were the same number of children matched with cases for sex and age within one month and were seen within a week of case recruitment. RESULTS: Cases and controls were similar (p < 0.5) in terms of maternal education, paternal age, paternal education and family size. Factors strongly and independently associated with rickets were underweight, nutritional status [OR = 12.7 (95% CI 4.47-11.08)], marasmus [OR = 6.3 (95% CI 2.81-19.66)], lack of exposure to sunshine [OR = 3.5 (95% CI 1.33-5.84)] and non-married maternal marital status [OR = 5.1 (95% CI 2.90-10.62)]. CONCLUSION: Protein-energy-malnutrition is strongly associated with vitamin D deficiency rickets. Intervention strategies targeting vitamin D deficiency rickets should give emphasis to children with protein energy malnutrition. Further work will be required to define the causal links between rickets and the risk factors identified in the present study.
Entities:
Keywords:
Africa; Africa South Of The Sahara; Age Factors; Biology; Case Control Studies; Child; Child Nutrition; Deficiency Diseases; Demographic Factors; Developing Countries; Diseases; Eastern Africa; Ethiopia; Health; Malnutrition; Micronutrients; Nutrition; Nutrition Disorders; Physiology; Population; Population Characteristics; Research Methodology; Research Report; Risk Factors; Studies; Vitamins; Youth
Authors: George McGillivray; Susan A Skull; Gabrielle Davie; Sarah E Kofoed; Alexis Frydenberg; James Rice; Regina Cooke; Jonathan R Carapetis Journal: Arch Dis Child Date: 2007-09-03 Impact factor: 3.791
Authors: Zaida Herrador; Luis Sordo; Endalamaw Gadisa; Antonio Buño; Rubén Gómez-Rioja; Jose Manuel Iturzaeta; Lisset Fernandez de Armas; Agustín Benito; Abraham Aseffa; Javier Moreno; Carmen Cañavate; Estefania Custodio Journal: PLoS One Date: 2014-12-29 Impact factor: 3.240