Effects of rolipram on the elevated plus-maze test in rats: a preliminary study.

The objective of the present study was to assess the behavioural effects of rolipram, a specific cAMP phosphodiesterase (PDE4) inhibitor, in the elevated plus-maze (EPM) test in rats. Results showed that rolipram at the highest dose tested (0.1 mg/kg) increased the percentage of both time spent and entries into open arms, although a decrease of locomotor activity in the EPM test was also observed. In contrast, diazepam (3.0 mg/kg) exhibited the typical profile of an anxiolytic in the EPM test, increasing the percentage of time spent and entries into open arms as well as locomotor activity. A posterior statistical analysis, however, established that the effects of both rolipram and diazepam on parameters denoting anxiolytic-like activity were statistically independent from those reflecting locomotor activity reduction. Furthermore, the effects of both rolipram and diazepam were shown to be distinct from those exhibited by tricyclic antidepressant imipramine which did not show any anxiolytic-like effects in the EPM test, although a reduction of locomotor activity was also detected. Although these preliminary results suggest that rolipram may have some anxiolytic-like properties on the EPM test in rats, such an interpretation should be taken cautiously due to the observed effects on locomotor activity, which could complicate the interpretation of results from rolipram and other PDE4 inhibitors in the current test and in other anxiety animal models.