Biological monitoring values for occupational exposure: a United Kingdom perspective.

Policy developments in the United Kingdom have been aimed at facilitating the appropriate use of biological monitoring. Recent initiatives have established clear criteria for the interpretation of biological monitoring results, and new guidance that deals with the ethical and practical issues involved in operating an effective biological monitoring programme has been promulgated. The United Kingdom now has a system of non-statutory biological monitoring guidance values. There are two types, the health guidance value and the benchmark guidance value. Over a number of years, biological monitoring programmes have shown that they help in reducing exposure by regular monitoring and demonstrating adequate control.