Does paraoxonase play a role in susceptibility to cardiovascular disease?

Human serum paraoxonase (PON1) is an esterase that is bound to high-density lipoproteins (HDLs). It can hydrolyze organophosphates and its activity is inversely related to atherosclerosis. Some studies also suggest that a relationship exists between polymorphisms of the gene that encodes paraoxonase and coronary heart disease (CHD), whereas other studies, in different populations, have not found such an association. One mechanism by which certain PON1 allozymes might protect against atherosclerosis is by inhibition of the oxidation of HDL and low-density lipoprotein (LDL). Experimental studies suggest that this protection is associated with the ability of PON1 to hydrolyze specific lipid peroxides in oxidized lipoproteins. Interventions that preserve or enhance PON1 activity, as well as manipulations of PON1 polymorphisms, might help delay the onset of CHD.