RATIONALE: Intermittent footshock stress effectively reinstates extinguished heroin-, cocaine- and alcohol-taking behaviors, but not behaviors previously maintained by food reinforcers. Here we tested further the generality of the phenomenon of stress-induced reinstatement by determining the effect of footshock on reinstatement of operant responding previously maintained by nicotine or palatable sucrose solutions. METHODS: Groups of rats were trained to self-administer either nicotine (0.03 mg/kg per infusion, 14 days) or sucrose (10 or 30% w/v, 14-20 days). After extinction of the nicotine- or the sucrose-reinforced behaviors for 5-15 days, the rats were exposed to intermittent footshock stress (5 and 15 min, 0.8 mA) during tests for reinstatement. RESULTS: Footshock reliably reinstated nicotine seeking after extinction of the drug-reinforced behavior. In contrast, the same parameters of footshock stress did not consistently reinstate operant responding previously maintained by sucrose solutions. CONCLUSIONS: These and previous data suggest that stressors may be more effective stimuli for reinstatement of behaviors previously maintained by drug reinforcers as compared with non-drug reinforcers.
RATIONALE: Intermittent footshock stress effectively reinstates extinguished heroin-, cocaine- and alcohol-taking behaviors, but not behaviors previously maintained by food reinforcers. Here we tested further the generality of the phenomenon of stress-induced reinstatement by determining the effect of footshock on reinstatement of operant responding previously maintained by nicotine or palatable sucrose solutions. METHODS: Groups of rats were trained to self-administer either nicotine (0.03 mg/kg per infusion, 14 days) or sucrose (10 or 30% w/v, 14-20 days). After extinction of the nicotine- or the sucrose-reinforced behaviors for 5-15 days, the rats were exposed to intermittent footshock stress (5 and 15 min, 0.8 mA) during tests for reinstatement. RESULTS: Footshock reliably reinstated nicotine seeking after extinction of the drug-reinforced behavior. In contrast, the same parameters of footshock stress did not consistently reinstate operant responding previously maintained by sucrose solutions. CONCLUSIONS: These and previous data suggest that stressors may be more effective stimuli for reinstatement of behaviors previously maintained by drug reinforcers as compared with non-drug reinforcers.
Authors: Jeffrey S Smith; Abigail G Schindler; Emma Martinelli; Richard M Gustin; Michael R Bruchas; Charles Chavkin Journal: J Neurosci Date: 2012-01-25 Impact factor: 6.167
Authors: Christian A Heidbreder; Eliot L Gardner; Zheng-Xiong Xi; Panayotis K Thanos; Manolo Mugnaini; Jim J Hagan; Charles R Ashby Journal: Brain Res Brain Res Rev Date: 2005-07
Authors: Terril L Verplaetse; Andrea H Weinberger; Philip H Smith; Kelly P Cosgrove; Yann S Mineur; Marina R Picciotto; Carolyn M Mazure; Sherry A McKee Journal: Nicotine Tob Res Date: 2015-03-11 Impact factor: 4.244