Epstein-Barr virus and oral squamous cell carcinoma in patients without HIV infection: viral detection by polymerase chain reaction.

In order to test the hypothesis that Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) may be a cofactor for oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) the authors evaluated tumour cells from OSCC of 108 patients without HIV infection, for the presence of EBV DNA by polymerase chain reaction. The sequences of oligonucleotides used in the amplification and hybridization included a set for the DNA polymerase region. The amplification was detected using an ELISA assay with peroxidase. EBV DNA was detected in 17.59% of the tumours. Inhibition studies showed that the ability to detect EBV DNA was not affected by the pathological material, suggesting that the negative PCR results in these samples were not caused by PCR inhibitors in the biopsy. Results revealed that 63.1% of the tumours (12 cases) were DNA positive affecting the lateral margin of the tongue, and were statistically significant (p < 0.001; chi 2). In the pool of tumours with EBV DNA only 26.3% (5 of 19 cases) were well differentiated OSCCs whereas the remaining 73.7% (14 of 19 cases) were moderately and poorly differentiated OSCCs, with a statistical significance of p = 0.08; chi 2. This study suggests a relationship between OSCC and EBV.