Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder and developmental right-hemisphere syndrome: congruence and incongruence of cognitive and behavioral aspects of attention.

We studied clinical aspects of attention in three groups: children with developmental right-hemisphere syndrome and attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), children with ADHD only, and normal controls. The three groups (N = 54) were case-matched for age, sex, IQ, hand dominance, and socioeconomic status. ADHD was diagnosed clinically using the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders-III-Revised criteria and the Conners' Abbreviated Teacher Questionnaire. Additional aspects of attention and behavior were measured by the Child Behavior Checklist, a low-cognitive-load continuous performance task, and the visual target cancellation test (paper and pencil). Although the Child Behavior Checklist profile of attentional deficits in the two clinical groups was similar, we found that the developmental right-hemisphere syndrome group was more severely impaired on parameters of attention measured by the continuous performance task and visual target cancellation test than the children with ADHD. We conclude that the profile of attentional deficits in developmental right-hemisphere syndrome is different than that seen in children with ADHD only, possibly reflecting disparate neurologic underpinnings for the two syndromes.