BACKGROUND: p21(waf1/cip1) protein is a cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor able to arrest the cell cycle at the G1 phase by inhibiting DNA replication. The expression of p21(waf1/cip1) and its prognostic value in prostate cancer are largely unexplored. METHODS: We used immunohistochemistry to analyze the expression of p21(waf1/cip1) in 213 prostate cancer cases, and the results were related to other known prognostic factors and patient survival during a long-term follow-up. RESULTS: The expression of p21 (waf1/cip1) protein was significantly associated with high Gleason score (P = 0.001), DNA aneuploidy (P = 0.013), high S-phase fraction (P = 0.019), and expression of Ki-67 (P = 0.021) and bcl-2 (P = 0.001) as well as cyclin A (P = 0.035) and D proteins (P<0.001). In univariate survival analysis the signal of p21(waf1/cip1) was significantly related to unfavorable prognosis (P = 0.010) both in the entire cohort and in local tumors (P = 0.034). In multivariate analysis, M-category, clinical T-category, Gleason score, and patient age were independent prognostic factors. In local tumors the expression of p21(waf1/cip1) together with clinical T-category and S-phase fraction were significant independent predictors of cancer related survival. CONCLUSIONS: The results suggest that the expression of p21(waf1/cip1) protein is associated both with cell proliferation and patient survival in prostate cancer.
BACKGROUND:p21(waf1/cip1) protein is a cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor able to arrest the cell cycle at the G1 phase by inhibiting DNA replication. The expression of p21(waf1/cip1) and its prognostic value in prostate cancer are largely unexplored. METHODS: We used immunohistochemistry to analyze the expression of p21(waf1/cip1) in 213 prostate cancer cases, and the results were related to other known prognostic factors and patient survival during a long-term follow-up. RESULTS: The expression of p21 (waf1/cip1) protein was significantly associated with high Gleason score (P = 0.001), DNA aneuploidy (P = 0.013), high S-phase fraction (P = 0.019), and expression of Ki-67 (P = 0.021) and bcl-2 (P = 0.001) as well as cyclin A (P = 0.035) and D proteins (P<0.001). In univariate survival analysis the signal of p21(waf1/cip1) was significantly related to unfavorable prognosis (P = 0.010) both in the entire cohort and in local tumors (P = 0.034). In multivariate analysis, M-category, clinical T-category, Gleason score, and patient age were independent prognostic factors. In local tumors the expression of p21(waf1/cip1) together with clinical T-category and S-phase fraction were significant independent predictors of cancer related survival. CONCLUSIONS: The results suggest that the expression of p21(waf1/cip1) protein is associated both with cell proliferation and patient survival in prostate cancer.
Authors: Mario R Calderon; Mark Verway; Beum-Soo An; Analisa DiFeo; Tarek A Bismar; David K Ann; John A Martignetti; Tali Shalom-Barak; John H White Journal: J Biol Chem Date: 2012-01-25 Impact factor: 5.157
Authors: Ibrahim A Aljuffali; Jason N Mock; Leah J Costyn; Ha Nguyen; Tamas Nagy; Brian S Cummings; Robert D Arnold Journal: Cancer Biol Ther Date: 2011-09-01 Impact factor: 4.742
Authors: Adebusola A Alagbala; Andrew J McRiner; Kristina Borstnik; Tanzina Labonte; Wonsuk Chang; John G D'Angelo; Gary H Posner; Barbara A Foster Journal: J Med Chem Date: 2006-12-28 Impact factor: 7.446