Detection of genetic alterations in bladder tumors by comparative genomic hybridization and cytogenetic analysis.

Comparative genomic hybridization (CGH) and conventional cytogenetic karyotyping were used to screen for losses and gains of DNA sequences along all chromosome arms in 16 bladder tumors. Cytogenetic results were highly complex. The most frequently affected chromosomes were 5, 8, 9, 21, and Y as determined by karyotyping. There was close correlation between the CGH data and cytogenetic results in near-diploid tumors with simple karyotypes. However, some unexpected results were observed by CGH in tumors with several composite clones. Common amplification of copy numbers of DNA sequences by CGH were seen at 1q, 3q, 4q, 5p, 6p/q, 7p, 8q, 11q, 12q, 13q, 17q, 18q, and 20p/q (more than 20% of cases). High level amplification was noted at 1p32, 3p21, 3q24, 4q26, 8q21-qter, 11q14-22, 12q15-21, 12q21-24, 13q21-31, 17q22, and 18q22. Deletions were noted at 2q21-qter. 4q13-23, 5q, 8p12-22, 9p/q, and 11p13-15 (more than 20% of cases). Although most amplifications and deletions have been previously described in the literature, our study showed some intriguing and uncommon regions, different from those found in past studies. These were the amplification of 7p, 8q, 11q14-qter 12q24-24, 13q21-31, and 18q22, and deletion on 4q13-23, even though loss of heterozygosity was not detected at this locus. In spite of the very complex pattern of genetic changes in bladder tumors, most of these uncommon aberrations have to be implicated in bladder tumors, and further molecular genetic methods are necessary to establish whether the chromosomal regions contain candidate genes which contributed to the initiation and progression of bladder tumors.