Choice and participation in the health services: a survey of preferences among Swedish residents.

Extending the possibilities for health-service consumers to choose among providers has been an important objective on the political agenda in Sweden and elsewhere. Little is known, however, about individual and group preferences concerning the demand for choices. It is often implicitly assumed that individuals can be treated as a group with similar values and demands, but is this true? To what extent do individuals want more options in health care? Do preferences vary depending on age, education and place of living? This article explores these questions, starting from a survey of 2,000 residents in four Swedish counties. The results of the survey point to many similarities, but also indicate important differences among residents. In particular, preferences seem to vary significantly depending on age and level of education. On the other hand, older people are more favourably inclined towards the free choice of physician. On the other hand, members of the younger generation, as well as well-educated residents, demand a more active part in the process of medical decision making. These differences, as well as expectations from younger generations, pose a great challenge to the future management of health services.