Controlling gene expression in transgenics.

The repertoire of cis-regulatory elements has increased to a level of sophistication that offers considerable spatial and temporal control over transgene expression. Recent advances made with transgenes have revealed that the control of their expression is also influenced by factors that range from transgene copy number and arrangement to nuclear architecture and chromosomal location. These factors must now be included with the standard considerations of transcriptional and translational enhancers of gene expression during transgene design.